Term 1 Messages and metamessages
What is happening
Abel keeps bragging to his colleagues about how much he misses his mother is. During the parents meeting he does not look pleased to see her. Anderson asks him why.
Dialogue
Anderson How come you did not look happy when you saw your mother
Abel I was
Explanation
Abels attitude can clearly show that he does not look happy to see his mother even though he tries to conceal his anger.
Term 2. Involvement and Independence
What is happening
Andersons friend offers to help him in solving some mathematical problems but he turns the offer down. The friend sees him struggling hard hence insists on helping. He is aware that she is the best performer in mathematics.
Dialogue
Linda May I be of help
Anderson I think I am conversant now, thanks for your help anyway.
Linda Are you sure that you do not need any help.
Anderson Yes, I think I now have a general concept.
Explanation
Anderson really needs help in this area but he is too proud to admit so. He feels that he would rather fail that show her just how poor he is in solving the problems.
Term 3 Information and Politeness
What is happening
Lisa recently lost her friend through a tragic road accident. She tells her classmate about the ordeal. The classmate assures her that he will always be there to help her.
Dialogue
Lisa I still cant believe that Harry is gone.
Geoffrey Im really sorry. Dont you worry you can always count on me for anything.
Lisa No one will ever take his place.
Explanation
Geoffrey means to tell Lisa about how sorry he is about the loss. Lisa does not understand it this way since she believes that he is trying to replace her dead friend.
Term 4 Pacing and pausing
What is happening
Martha is trying to narrate the happenings from a movie she watched the previous night. She takes long pauses between the narrations hence his classmates keep jumping in hence irritating her.
Martha .they were all tired hence they decided to spend the night there
Nancy (Jumps in) did they have a good night sleep
Martha Yes. The night was very peacefuland so were the rest of the nights.
Erick Good story.
Explanation
Martha takes long pauses between the narrations hence his friends are not sure whether she is done narrating. They keep jumping in hence irritating her because she feels distracted.
Term 5 Loudness
What is happening
Velma and Ida are holding a discussion in the library. This is illegal. Velma is talking in low tones while Ida keeps talking in loud tones. Velma feels uncomfortable because other students are staring at them. She attempts to alert Ida but using even lower tones but this does not work.
Dialogue
Velma (low tones) the process can be more effective if a catalyst is used.
Ida (aloud) what is a catalyst
Velma (almost whispering) it is a chemical that can increase the rate of a reaction.
Ida (even louder) an example
Explanation
Velma tries to in low tones so as to show her friend Ida the way she should talk but Ida does not seem to notice.
Term 6 Pitch and intonation
What is happening
Martin a creative arts student wants to be a football commentator during a friendly match in the school. His teacher asks him to assume an audience and report a live match. He does so but in a monotone.
Dialogue
Martin (commentating an imaginary football match) the panthers seem to take the upper hand, Rex Passes to Madsen and he scores a goal.
Teacher You need to vary your tone.
Explanation
Martins failure to put emphasis on the important aspects of the game by varying his tone is what the teacher complains about.
Term 7 Expressive reaction
What is happening
The teacher is trying to explain to the class the reproduction process for the first time. One student gets really amused and starts reacting in a way that the teacher becomes uncomfortable discussing the process. He becomes irritated by this hence asks the students to read the topic o their own.
Dialogue
Teacher the egg and the sperm then meet in a process called fertilization.
Student Wow
Explanation
The teacher does not understand that the student is genuinely amused hence he results to leave the students to research on the subject.
Term 8 Asking questions
What is happening
As professor Grill teacher his philosophy class, he notices that one of his students Lewis has a swollen cheek. Out of concern he decides to ask him what happened. Lewis does not take this kindly since he finds the professor nosy.
Dialogue
Professor Lewis what happened to your cheek
Lewis Nothing serious.
Explanation
Lewis does not view the professors questions as concern driven he therefore decides to tell him that it is not serious so that he can stop questioning him.
Term 9 Ritual complaining
What is happening
Samuel complains to his classmate how hard the exam was. The classmate informs him the exam was easy since the answers to almost all the question were in the notebook.
Dialogue
Samuel The biology exam was too hard, how the teachers can set such a hard exam
Classmate I disagree the exam was fair. The teacher had given us notes that could help in answering the questions.
Explanation
Samuel feels discouraged since he expected his friend to side with him in cursing the teacher for setting a hard exam. The friend however informs him indirectly that if he had read the notes well he could not be complaining.
Term 10 Ritual apology
What is happening
Glen mistakably steps on Marthas white shoes with muddy boats. Martha is very angry since she was all dressed up to attend a party. Glen apologizes to Martha.
Dialogue
Martha How could you Do you know how much time it cost me to clean those shoes.
Glen Im sorry, didnt mean to.
Explanation
Martha does not consider the apology as valid in this situation since it will not compensate for the effort put to clean the shoes or even help to clean them.
Term 11 Setting examples
What is happening
The history teacher tries to assert that many developments have taken place over time. He does not give specific examples that the students can relate to.
Dialogue
Teacher The development level in earlier times was less significant than it is now.
Students what developments are we talking about
Explanation
The teacher is not specific on the type of developments that he is discussing. There are many developments that have been witnessed over time hence the students can understand better if the teacher provided them with examples.
Term12 Indirectness and rapport
What is happening
Jean requests his friend to rend him his rend him his sports shoes so that he can wear them during the football match.
Dialogue
Jean Edward may I borrow your sports shoes
Edward If you want, you can take them.
Explanation
Edward did not really want to rend his shoes to his friend. A response like yes, of course could have proved that he was really willing to give them to him.
Term 13 Frames
What is happening
The literature professor gives his students an assignment. He tells them to write a three page essay of between.880-1000 words. Ezra, one of the students has handwriting with big fonts, he therefore writes a five page essay but within the word limit.
Dialogue
Professor I needed a three page essay but you wrote five.
Ezra Sir, my handwriting has larger a larger font.
Explanation
The professor strictly told the students to write a three page essay. He did not consider that the fonts of the students vary in size.
Term 14 Metacommunicating
What is happening
Jade is afraid that the lecturer will notice that he has copied his friends work. His friend assures him that will not happen since the lecturer has so many papers to mark.
Dialogue
Jade What if he notices
Friend Trust me he wont
Explanation
The words Trust me do not convey the exact meaning that is intended.
Term 15 Reframing
What is happening
Lewis performs poorly in the philosophy exam. He decides to stop studying philosophy but instead concentrate on sciences.
Martha Lewis, are you sure that you want to major in sciences because you have a passion
Lewis Yes, I have always wanted to be a doctor.
Martha But you also said that you love philosophy earlier.
Lewis I do. I will however take it for one more year before the big switch.
Explanation
Martha views Lewis decision to drop philosophy as brought about by the poor performance. Lewis therefore decides to take the subject for one more year so that his friends can stop reasoning like Martha.
Term 16 Power and Solidarity
What is happening
Joel the class prefect likes being social with his fellow classmates, sometimes he gets too close that his friends take his authority for granted.
Dialogue
Joel Jade correct that litter beneath your desk.
Jade Not now.
Explanation
Power does not play any role in this case. Joel fails to maintain a balance between power and solidarity.
Term 17 Complimentary Schismogenesis
What is happening
In professor Grills class the issue of dominance is more common among the boys while submissiveness is common among the girls.
Dialogue
Arnold the boys will take up the task while the ladies will also participate.
Martha okay.
Explanation
The two aspects of dominance and submissiveness complement each other.
Term 18 Gender differences in communication
What is happening
Abel tends to be a bit reserved when addressing Martha as compared to the casual look he puts on when addressing Jade.
Dialogue
Abel Morning Martha, may I borrow your book.
Martha Sure
Abel Hi Jade, I need to use your book.
Explanation
The mode in which Abel addresses Martha is completely different from the way he addresses Jade. He tends to be composed and calm when borrowing from Martha as compared to Jade.
What is happening
Abel keeps bragging to his colleagues about how much he misses his mother is. During the parents meeting he does not look pleased to see her. Anderson asks him why.
Dialogue
Anderson How come you did not look happy when you saw your mother
Abel I was
Explanation
Abels attitude can clearly show that he does not look happy to see his mother even though he tries to conceal his anger.
Term 2. Involvement and Independence
What is happening
Andersons friend offers to help him in solving some mathematical problems but he turns the offer down. The friend sees him struggling hard hence insists on helping. He is aware that she is the best performer in mathematics.
Dialogue
Linda May I be of help
Anderson I think I am conversant now, thanks for your help anyway.
Linda Are you sure that you do not need any help.
Anderson Yes, I think I now have a general concept.
Explanation
Anderson really needs help in this area but he is too proud to admit so. He feels that he would rather fail that show her just how poor he is in solving the problems.
Term 3 Information and Politeness
What is happening
Lisa recently lost her friend through a tragic road accident. She tells her classmate about the ordeal. The classmate assures her that he will always be there to help her.
Dialogue
Lisa I still cant believe that Harry is gone.
Geoffrey Im really sorry. Dont you worry you can always count on me for anything.
Lisa No one will ever take his place.
Explanation
Geoffrey means to tell Lisa about how sorry he is about the loss. Lisa does not understand it this way since she believes that he is trying to replace her dead friend.
Term 4 Pacing and pausing
What is happening
Martha is trying to narrate the happenings from a movie she watched the previous night. She takes long pauses between the narrations hence his classmates keep jumping in hence irritating her.
Martha .they were all tired hence they decided to spend the night there
Nancy (Jumps in) did they have a good night sleep
Martha Yes. The night was very peacefuland so were the rest of the nights.
Erick Good story.
Explanation
Martha takes long pauses between the narrations hence his friends are not sure whether she is done narrating. They keep jumping in hence irritating her because she feels distracted.
Term 5 Loudness
What is happening
Velma and Ida are holding a discussion in the library. This is illegal. Velma is talking in low tones while Ida keeps talking in loud tones. Velma feels uncomfortable because other students are staring at them. She attempts to alert Ida but using even lower tones but this does not work.
Dialogue
Velma (low tones) the process can be more effective if a catalyst is used.
Ida (aloud) what is a catalyst
Velma (almost whispering) it is a chemical that can increase the rate of a reaction.
Ida (even louder) an example
Explanation
Velma tries to in low tones so as to show her friend Ida the way she should talk but Ida does not seem to notice.
Term 6 Pitch and intonation
What is happening
Martin a creative arts student wants to be a football commentator during a friendly match in the school. His teacher asks him to assume an audience and report a live match. He does so but in a monotone.
Dialogue
Martin (commentating an imaginary football match) the panthers seem to take the upper hand, Rex Passes to Madsen and he scores a goal.
Teacher You need to vary your tone.
Explanation
Martins failure to put emphasis on the important aspects of the game by varying his tone is what the teacher complains about.
Term 7 Expressive reaction
What is happening
The teacher is trying to explain to the class the reproduction process for the first time. One student gets really amused and starts reacting in a way that the teacher becomes uncomfortable discussing the process. He becomes irritated by this hence asks the students to read the topic o their own.
Dialogue
Teacher the egg and the sperm then meet in a process called fertilization.
Student Wow
Explanation
The teacher does not understand that the student is genuinely amused hence he results to leave the students to research on the subject.
Term 8 Asking questions
What is happening
As professor Grill teacher his philosophy class, he notices that one of his students Lewis has a swollen cheek. Out of concern he decides to ask him what happened. Lewis does not take this kindly since he finds the professor nosy.
Dialogue
Professor Lewis what happened to your cheek
Lewis Nothing serious.
Explanation
Lewis does not view the professors questions as concern driven he therefore decides to tell him that it is not serious so that he can stop questioning him.
Term 9 Ritual complaining
What is happening
Samuel complains to his classmate how hard the exam was. The classmate informs him the exam was easy since the answers to almost all the question were in the notebook.
Dialogue
Samuel The biology exam was too hard, how the teachers can set such a hard exam
Classmate I disagree the exam was fair. The teacher had given us notes that could help in answering the questions.
Explanation
Samuel feels discouraged since he expected his friend to side with him in cursing the teacher for setting a hard exam. The friend however informs him indirectly that if he had read the notes well he could not be complaining.
Term 10 Ritual apology
What is happening
Glen mistakably steps on Marthas white shoes with muddy boats. Martha is very angry since she was all dressed up to attend a party. Glen apologizes to Martha.
Dialogue
Martha How could you Do you know how much time it cost me to clean those shoes.
Glen Im sorry, didnt mean to.
Explanation
Martha does not consider the apology as valid in this situation since it will not compensate for the effort put to clean the shoes or even help to clean them.
Term 11 Setting examples
What is happening
The history teacher tries to assert that many developments have taken place over time. He does not give specific examples that the students can relate to.
Dialogue
Teacher The development level in earlier times was less significant than it is now.
Students what developments are we talking about
Explanation
The teacher is not specific on the type of developments that he is discussing. There are many developments that have been witnessed over time hence the students can understand better if the teacher provided them with examples.
Term12 Indirectness and rapport
What is happening
Jean requests his friend to rend him his rend him his sports shoes so that he can wear them during the football match.
Dialogue
Jean Edward may I borrow your sports shoes
Edward If you want, you can take them.
Explanation
Edward did not really want to rend his shoes to his friend. A response like yes, of course could have proved that he was really willing to give them to him.
Term 13 Frames
What is happening
The literature professor gives his students an assignment. He tells them to write a three page essay of between.880-1000 words. Ezra, one of the students has handwriting with big fonts, he therefore writes a five page essay but within the word limit.
Dialogue
Professor I needed a three page essay but you wrote five.
Ezra Sir, my handwriting has larger a larger font.
Explanation
The professor strictly told the students to write a three page essay. He did not consider that the fonts of the students vary in size.
Term 14 Metacommunicating
What is happening
Jade is afraid that the lecturer will notice that he has copied his friends work. His friend assures him that will not happen since the lecturer has so many papers to mark.
Dialogue
Jade What if he notices
Friend Trust me he wont
Explanation
The words Trust me do not convey the exact meaning that is intended.
Term 15 Reframing
What is happening
Lewis performs poorly in the philosophy exam. He decides to stop studying philosophy but instead concentrate on sciences.
Martha Lewis, are you sure that you want to major in sciences because you have a passion
Lewis Yes, I have always wanted to be a doctor.
Martha But you also said that you love philosophy earlier.
Lewis I do. I will however take it for one more year before the big switch.
Explanation
Martha views Lewis decision to drop philosophy as brought about by the poor performance. Lewis therefore decides to take the subject for one more year so that his friends can stop reasoning like Martha.
Term 16 Power and Solidarity
What is happening
Joel the class prefect likes being social with his fellow classmates, sometimes he gets too close that his friends take his authority for granted.
Dialogue
Joel Jade correct that litter beneath your desk.
Jade Not now.
Explanation
Power does not play any role in this case. Joel fails to maintain a balance between power and solidarity.
Term 17 Complimentary Schismogenesis
What is happening
In professor Grills class the issue of dominance is more common among the boys while submissiveness is common among the girls.
Dialogue
Arnold the boys will take up the task while the ladies will also participate.
Martha okay.
Explanation
The two aspects of dominance and submissiveness complement each other.
Term 18 Gender differences in communication
What is happening
Abel tends to be a bit reserved when addressing Martha as compared to the casual look he puts on when addressing Jade.
Dialogue
Abel Morning Martha, may I borrow your book.
Martha Sure
Abel Hi Jade, I need to use your book.
Explanation
The mode in which Abel addresses Martha is completely different from the way he addresses Jade. He tends to be composed and calm when borrowing from Martha as compared to Jade.
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